Arithmetic And Unary Operators in Java

For basic mathematical operation the Java programming language provides arithmetic operators like addition (+), subtraction (-), division (/), multiplication(*) and modulus (%, which divides one operand by another and returns the remainder as its result).

In this post we'll see what all arithmetic operators are available in Java. Apart from that we'll also learn about Compound assignment operators, Unary operators and Increment and decrement operators in Java.

Table of contents

1. Arithmetic operators in Java
2. Java arithmetic operators example
3. Compound assignment operators in Java
4. Java Compound assignment operators example
5. Unary operators in Java
6. Java Unary operators example
7. Increment and decrement operators in Java
8. Java Increment and decrement operators example

Arithmetic operators in Java

Operator	Description
+	Additive operator (also used for String concatenation)
-	Subtraction operator
*	Multiplication operator
/	Division operator
%	Remainder operator

Java arithmetic operators example

public class ArithmeticDemo {

 public static void main(String[] args) {
  int num1 = 3;
  int num2 = 4;
  int result = num1 + num2;
  System.out.println("Addition result - " + result);
  // Subtraction
  result = result - 3;
  System.out.println("Subtraction result - " + result);
  // Division
  result = result/2;
  System.out.println("Division result - " + result);
  // Multiplication
  result = result * 6;
  System.out.println("Multiplication result - " + result);
  // Modulo division
  result = result % 8;
  System.out.println("Modulo division result - " + result);
  
  // overloaded + operator for string concatenation
  String str1 = "This is ";
  String str2 = "a string";
  String concatString = str1 + str2;
  System.out.println("Concatenated String " + concatString);
 }
}

Output

Addition result - 7
Subtraction result - 4
Division result - 2
Multiplication result - 12
Modulo division result - 4
Concatenated String This is a string

Compound assignment operators in Java

You can also combine the arithmetic operator with the assignment operator to create compound assignments. For example x = x + 7; can also be written as x += 7;

Operator	Description
+=	Addition assignment
–=	Subtraction assignment
*=	Multiplication assignment
/=	Division assignment
%=	Modulus assignment

Java Compound assignment operators example

public class OperatorDemo {

 public static void main(String[] args) {
  int x = 5;
  int y = 6;
  int z = 7;
  int p = 4;
  int q = 16;
  
  x += 4;
  System.out.println("x - " + x);
  
  y -= 2;
  System.out.println("y - " + y);
  
  z *= 3;
  System.out.println("z - " + z);
  
  p /= 2;
  System.out.println("p - " + p);
  
  q %= 3;
  System.out.println("q - " + q);

 }
}

Output

x - 9
y - 4
z - 21
p - 2
q – 1

Unary operators in Java

Operator	Description
+	Unary plus operator; indicates positive value (numbers are positive by default though)
-	Unary minus operator; negates an expression
++	Increment operator; increments a value by 1
--	Decrement operator; decrements a value by 1
!	Logical complement operator; inverts the value of a boolean

Java Unary operators example

Let’s see an example where unary plus operator, unary minus operator and logical component operator are used.

public class OperatorDemo {

 public static void main(String[] args) {
  // unary plus operator
  int x = +5;
  System.out.println("x = " + x);
  
  // unary minus operator
  x = -x;
  System.out.println("x = " + x);
  
  boolean flag = false;
  System.out.println("flag = " + flag);
  // logical component operator
  System.out.println("flag = " + !flag);

 }
}

Output

x = 5
x = -5
flag = false
flag = true

Increment and decrement operators in Java

The increment operator increases its operand value by 1. For example x = x + 1; can be written as x++; using increment operator.

Same way decrement operator decreases its operand value by 1. For example x = x – 1; can be written as x--; using decrement operator.

The increment/decrement operators can be applied before (prefix) or after (postfix) the operand. For example prefix code ++x; or the postfix code x++; both will result in x incremented by one.

Difference between prefix and postfix is that in prefix version operand is incremented/decremented and that value is used in the expression. Whereas in postfix version original value is used in the expression and then the operand is incremented/decremented.

As example-

x = 7;
y = ++x;

Here y has the value 8 because the operand is incremented before using it in expression.

X = 7;
y = x++;

Here y has the value 7 because the original value is used in the expression and then the operand is incremented. So x is 8 but y has the original value of x which was 7.

Java Increment and decrement operators example

public class OperatorDemo {

 public static void main(String[] args) {
  // prefix
  int x = 5;
  int y = ++x;
  System.out.println("x - " + x);
  System.out.println("y - " + y);
  
  // postfix
  int a = 8;
  int b = a++;
  System.out.println("a - " + a);
  System.out.println("b - " + b);
  
  y = --x;
  System.out.println("x - " + x);
  System.out.println("y - " + y);
  
  b = a--;
  System.out.println("a - " + a);
  System.out.println("b - " + b);
  
 }
}

Output

x - 6
y - 6
a - 9
b - 8
x - 5
y - 5
a - 8
b - 9

That's all for this topic Arithmetic And Unary Operators in Java. If you have any doubt or any suggestions to make please drop a comment. Thanks!

>>>Return to Java Basics Tutorial Page

---

Related Topics

1. Conditional Operators in Java With Examples
2. Ternary Operator in Java With Examples
3. instanceof Operator in Java With Examples
4. BigDecimal in Java With Examples
5. Switch-Case Statement in Java With Examples

You may also like-

1. Association, Aggregation and Composition in Java
2. Initializer block in Java
3. Array in Java
4. Nested class and Inner class in Java
5. Serialization and Deserialization in Java
6. Race Condition in Java Multi-Threading
7. How HashSet Works Internally in Java
8. Spring Bean Life Cycle